Chronic Stress Triggers Expression of Immediate Early Genes and Differentially Affects the Expression of AMPA and NMDA Subunits in Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampus of Rats

Indexación: Web of Science; Scopus.Previous studies in rats have demonstrated that chronic restraint stress triggers anhedonia, depressive-like behaviors, anxiety and a reduction in dendritic spine density in hippocampal neurons. In this study, we compared the effect of repeated stress on the expression of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits in dorsal and ventral hippocampus (VH). Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control and stressed groups, and were daily restrained in their motion (2.5 h/day) during 14 days. We found that chronic stress promotes an increase in c-Fos mRNA levels in both hippocampal areas, although it was observed a reduction in the immunoreactivity at pyramidal cell layer. Furthermore, Arc mRNAs levels were increased in both dorsal and VH, accompanied by an increase in Arc immunoreactivity in dendritic hippocampal layers. Furthermore, stress triggered a reduction in PSD-95 and NR1 protein levels in whole extract of dorsal and VH. Moreover, a reduction in NR2A/NR2B ratio was observed only in dorsal pole. In synaptosomal fractions, we detected a rise in NR1 in dorsal hippocampus (DH). By indirect immunofluorescence we found that NR1 subunits rise, especially in neuropil areas of dorsal, but not VH. In relation to AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunits, chronic stress did not trigger any change, either in dorsal or ventral hippocampal areas. These data suggest that DH is more sensitive than VH to chronic stress exposure, mainly altering the expression of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) subunits, and probably favors changes in the configuration of this receptor that may influence the function of this area.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2017.00244/ful

MicroRNA Profiling and Bioinformatics Target Analysis in Dorsal Hippocampus of Chronically Stressed Rats: Relevance to Depression Pathophysiology

Indexación: Scopus.1Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 2National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, NC, United States, 3Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile, 4Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 5Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile, 6Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.This study was supported by the following grants: FONDECYT 1120528 (JLF), Fondo Central de Investigación, Universidad de Chile ENL025/16 (JLF), ES090079 (JAC). Research in RG and EV laboratories is funded by Instituto Milenio iBio – Iniciativa Científica Milenio MINECON.Studies conducted in rodents subjected to chronic stress and some observations in humans after psychosocial stress, have allowed to establish a link between stress and the susceptibility to many complex diseases, including mood disorders. The studies in rodents have revealed that chronic exposure to stress negatively affects synaptic plasticity by triggering changes in the production of trophic factors, subunit levels of glutamate ionotropic receptors, neuron morphology, and neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. These modifications may account for the impairment in learning and memory processes observed in chronically stressed animals. It is plausible then, that stress modifies the interplay between signal transduction cascades and gene expression regulation in the hippocampus, therefore leading to altered neuroplasticity and functioning of neural circuits. Considering that miRNAs play an important role in post-transcriptional-regulation of gene expression and participate in several hippocampus-dependent functions; we evaluated the consequences of chronic stress on the expression of miRNAs in dorsal (anterior) portion of the hippocampus, which participates in memory formation in rodents. Here, we show that male rats exposed to daily restraint stress (2.5 h/day) during 7 and 14 days display a differential profile of miRNA levels in dorsal hippocampus and remarkably, we found that some of these miRNAs belong to the miR-379-410 cluster. We confirmed a rise in miR-92a and miR-485 levels after 14 days of stress by qPCR, an effect that was not mimicked by chronic administration of corticosterone (14 days). Our in silico study identified the top-10 biological functions influenced by miR-92a, nine of which were shared with miR-485: Nervous system development and function, Tissue development, Behavior, Embryonic development, Organ development, Organismal development, Organismal survival, Tissue morphology, and Organ morphology. Furthermore, our in silico study provided a landscape of potential miRNA-92a and miR-485 targets, along with relevant canonical pathways related to axonal guidance signaling and cAMP signaling, which may influence the functioning of several neuroplastic substrates in dorsal hippocampus. Additionally, the combined effect of miR-92a and miR-485 on transcription factors, along with histone-modifying enzymes, may have a functional relevance by producing changes in gene regulatory networks that modify the neuroplastic capacity of the adult dorsal hippocampus under stress. © 2018 Muñoz-Llanos, García-Pérez, Xu, Tejos-Bravo, Vidal, Moyano, Gutiérrez, Aguayo, Pacheco, García-Rojo, Aliaga, Rojas, Cidlowski and Fiedler.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00251/ful

Hippocampal Memory Recovery After Acute Stress: A Behavioral, Morphological and Molecular Study

Indexación: Scopus.Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 2Laboratorio Farmacología del Comportamiento, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 3Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile, 4Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile, 5Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile, 6Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.This study was supported by the following grants: Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT) 1120528 (JLF), Fondo Central de Investigación, Universidad de Chile ENL025/16 (JLF).Several studies have shown that a single exposure to stress may improve or impair learning and memory processes, depending on the timing in which the stress event occurs with relation to the acquisition phase. However, to date there is no information about the molecular changes that occur at the synapse during the stress-induced memory modification and after a recovery period. In particular, there are no studies that have evaluated—at the same time—the temporality of stress and stress recovery period in hippocampal short-term memory and the effects on dendritic spine morphology, along with variations in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunits. The aim of our study was to take a multidimensional approach to investigate concomitant behavioral, morphological and molecular changes induced by a single restraint stress exposure (2.5 h) and a recovery period of 6 and 24 h in rats. We found that acute stress elicited a reduced preference to explore an object placed in a novel position (a hippocampal-dependent task). These changes were accompanied by increased activity of LIM kinase I (LIMK; an actin-remodeling protein) and increased levels of NR2A subunits of NMDA receptors. After 6 h of recovery from stress, rats showed similar preference to explore an object placed in a novel or familiar position, but density of immature spines increased in secondary CA1 apical dendrites, along with a transient rise in GluA2 AMPA receptor subunits. After 24 h of recovery from stress, the animals showed a preference to explore an object placed in a novel position, which was accompanied by a normalization of NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits to control values. Our data suggest that acute stress produces reversible molecular and behavioral changes 24 h after stress, allowing a full reestablishment of hippocampal-related memory. Further studies need to be conducted to deepen our understanding of these changes and their reciprocal interactions.Adaptive stress responses are a promising avenue to develop interventions aiming at restoring hippocampal function impaired by repetitive stress exposure. © 2018 Aguayo, Tejos-Bravo, Díaz-Véliz, Pacheco, García-Rojo, Corrales, Olave, Aliaga, Ulloa, Avalos, Román-Albasini, Rojas and Fiedler.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2018.00283/ful

Correction: Evolving Trends in the Management of Acute Appendicitis During COVID-19 Waves: The ACIE Appy II Study (World Journal of Surgery, (2022), 46, 9, (2021-2035), 10.1007/s00268-022-06649-z)

In the original online version of this article Oreste Claudio Buonomo’s family name was misspelled. The original article was corrected

Evolving Trends in the Management of Acute Appendicitis During COVID-19 Waves: The ACIE Appy II Study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Global attitudes in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic: ACIE Appy Study

676sinoneBackground: Surgical strategies are being adapted to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on the management of acute appendicitis have been based on expert opinion, but very little evidence is available. This study addressed that dearth with a snapshot of worldwide approaches to appendicitis. Methods: The Association of Italian Surgeons in Europe designed an online survey to assess the current attitude of surgeons globally regarding the management of patients with acute appendicitis during the pandemic. Questions were divided into baseline information, hospital organization and screening, personal protective equipment, management and surgical approach, and patient presentation before versus during the pandemic. Results: Of 744 answers, 709 (from 66 countries) were complete and were included in the analysis. Most hospitals were treating both patients with and those without COVID. There was variation in screening indications and modality used, with chest X-ray plus molecular testing (PCR) being the commonest (19·8 per cent). Conservative management of complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis was used by 6·6 and 2·4 per cent respectively before, but 23·7 and 5·3 per cent, during the pandemic (both P < 0·001). One-third changed their approach from laparoscopic to open surgery owing to the popular (but evidence-lacking) advice from expert groups during the initial phase of the pandemic. No agreement on how to filter surgical smoke plume during laparoscopy was identified. There was an overall reduction in the number of patients admitted with appendicitis and one-third felt that patients who did present had more severe appendicitis than they usually observe. Conclusion: Conservative management of mild appendicitis has been possible during the pandemic. The fact that some surgeons switched to open appendicectomy may reflect the poor guidelines that emanated in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2.noneIelpo B.; Podda M.; Pellino G.; Pata F.; Caruso R.; Gravante G.; Di Saverio S.; Ielpo B.; Podda M.; Pellino G.; Pata F.; Caruso R.; Gravante G.; Di Saverio S.; Gallo G.; Lui R.; Orengia A.; Chowdary A.; Kulkarni A.; Kuvvetli A.; Navarro A.; Pisanu A.; Smith A.; Ibiricu A.C.; Nacion A.J.D.; Alsaleh A.; Alhazmi A.; Elmabri A.; Wani A.; Rencuzogullari A.; Lasarte A.S.; Rubio A.V.; Bavikatte A.; Kumar A.; Jamiri A.-R.; Padilla A.M.A.; Cacurri A.; de San Ildefonso A.; Porcu A.; Sartori A.; Rocca A.; Yanez A.P.; Becaria A.; Solis-Pena A.; Sretenovic A.; Urbistondo A.; Bandin A.; Najar A.; De Luca A.; Boddy A.; Charalabopoulos A.; Tzivanakis A.; Amendola A.; de Velasco A.R.-G.; Yildirim A.C.; Frontali A.; Toure A.O.; Garcia-Granero A.; Roldan A.M.; Larrainzar A.S.; Ratnayake A.S.; Gonzalez-Ganso A.M.; Minaya-Bravo A.M.; Das A.; Bondurri A.; Costanzi A.; Lucchi A.; Mazzari A.; Musig A.; Peloso A.; Piano A.; Police A.; Mihailescu A.; Pouy A.; Romano A.; Iossa A.; Leonetti A.C.; Guariniello A.; Isaac A.; Bovi A.P.D.; Chessa A.; Tromba A.; Martinez A.A.; Brillantino A.; Caira A.; Castaldi A.; Ferronetti A.; Giuliani A.; Prestera A.; la Medina A.R.-D.; Tarasconi A.; Tornambe A.; Picciariello A.; Ioannidis A.; Leppaniemi A.; Khan A.; Rashid A.; Perez-Sanchez A.L.E.; Mittal A.; Mitul A.R.; Mehraj A.; Laharwal A.; Dorisme A.; Marinis A.; Iqbal A.; Moncada A.; Braccio B.; Alkhafaji B.; de Andres Asenjo B.; Martin-Perez B.; Perez B.S.; Creavin B.; Cali B.; Cali B.; Pascotto B.; Stubbs B.; Retes B.Z.; Jovanovic B.; Goh B.K.P.; Sensi B.; Biddau C.; Gazia C.; Vallicelli C.; Fagundes C.A.; Santacruz C.C.; Chirico C.; Diaz C.J.G.; Petrola C.; Rodriguez C.S.; Benitez C.Y.; Dammaro C.; Faro C.L.; Reinke C.; Paez C.D.; Oliva C.; Paranjape C.; Thomas C.; Chia C.F.; Kong C.K.; De Lucia C.; Chao C.O.; Arcudi C.; Guerci C.; Chia C.; Parise C.; Folliero C.; Varela C.; Ferguson D.M.; Camacho D.; Popowich D.; Lima D.S.; Rega D.; Delogu D.; Zigiotto D.; Vinci D.; D'Antonio D.; Parini D.; Merlini D.A.; Zimmerman D.D.E.; Moro-Valdezate D.; Pertile D.; Giusti D.M.; Keller D.S.; Tarik D.; Kalivaci D.; Mazingi D.; Maldonado-Pintado D.G.; Sasia D.; Linardoutsos D.; Osilli D.; Murrone D.; Russello D.; Rodas E.; Roa E.A.A.; Ricciardi E.; Rosso E.; Saladino E.; Flores-Villalba E.; Ajs E.R.; Smith-Singares E.; Baili E.; Kouroumpas E.; Bourmpouteli E.; Douka E.; Martin-Perez E.; Guaitoli E.; Samadov E.; Francone E.; Vaterlini E.; Morales E.; Pena E.; Zhao E.; Andres E.D.P.; Benzoni E.; Erdas E.; Pinotti E.; Colas-Ruiz E.; Aytac E.; Laterza E.; Agastra E.; Foianini E.; Moscoso E.; Laviano E.; Marra E.; Cardamone E.; Licardie E.; Mpaili E.; Pinna E.; Varo E.; Navarro F.M.; Marino F.; Medas F.; Romano F.; Maraska F.; Saliu F.; Madrid F.; Rosa F.; Mastella F.; Gheza F.; Luvisetto F.; Alconchel F.; Vieira F.M.; Pareja F.; Agresta F.; Luna F.; Bonilla F.; Cordera F.; Burdio F.; Mendoza-Moreno F.; Flores F.M.; Aranda F.P.; Taylor F.; Ramos F.L.; Fernandes F.; Tropeano F.P.; Balestra F.; Bianco F.; Ceci F.; Colombo F.; Di Marzo F.; Ferrara F.; Lancellotti F.; Lazzarin F.; Litta F.; Martini F.; Pizza F.; Roscio F.; Virdis F.; Antona F.B.; Ramirez F.C.; Fernandez F.M.; Llinares F.O.; Quezada F.; Schlottmann F.; Quezada F.; Herrera-Almario G.; Massaferro G.; Bislenghi G.; van Ramshorst G.; Gallo G.; Luglio G.; Bointas G.; Kampouroglou G.; Papadopoulos G.; Manrique G.A.; Calini G.; Nastri G.; Formisano G.; Galiffa G.; Palini G.M.; Colucci G.; Pagano G.; Pellino G.; Vanni G.; Pattacini G.C.; Gravante G.; De Paola G.; Lisi G.; Partida G.; Bellanova G.; De Nobili G.; Necchi G.S.; Sinibaldi G.; Tebala G.; Bagaglini G.; Izzo G.; Argenio G.; Brisinda G.; Candilio G.; Di Grezia G.; Esposito G.; Faillace G.; Frazzetta G.; La Gumina G.; Nigri G.; Romeo G.; Amatriain G.C.; Ortega G.; Martin-Martin G.; Stavrou G.A.; Gunadi; Ugon G.A.; Machain G.; Marcucci G.; Martinez-Mier G.; Machain G.M.; Nari G.; Calvo H.; Fathy H.; Hamilto; Ahmed H.; Faraj H.; Nava H.; Macias H.O.; Nikaj H.; Solano H.; Khan H.A.; Alarcon H.S.; Ebied H.; Giani I.; Ateca I.V.; Neri I.; Roman I.A.S.; Fidoshev I.; Rodriguez I.M.; Negoi I.; Ortega I.; Bernescu I.; Russo I.S.; Rodriguez I.V.; Palomares I.; Baltazar I.; Torrejimeno I.J.; Jurado I.M.C.; Reccia I.; Hussain I.; Toledo I.B.; Mora-Guzman I.; Dogaru I.; Romic I.; Balciscueta I.; Kenington J.C.; Sagolsem J.; Jang J.Y.; Olivier J.; Lammel-Lindemann J.; Dziakova J.; Villavicencio J.I.R.; Salinas J.; Parreira J.P.J.G.; Jovanovic; Perez J.R.; Reyes J.A.S.; Luque J.A.M.; Mak J.; Rodriguez J.S.; Kok J.H.H.; Krook J.; Diaz-Elizondo J.A.; Castell J.; Garcia-Flores J.E.; Navalon J.M.J.; Rodrigues J.M.S.; Pereira J.; Gomez J.T.C.; Luque J.B.; del Olmo J.C.M.; Salamea J.C.; Olivier J.F.C.; Laina J.L.B.; Ordonez J.M.; Gutierrez J.; Abba J.; Sofi J.A.; Sherafgan K.; Sahnan K.; Yanaga K.; Beatson K.; Asim L.; Alvarez L.; Siragusa L.; Farber L.; Ong L.; Athanasios L.; Garcia-Bruna L.; De Martino L.; Ferrario L.; Giordano L.; Gordini L.; Pio L.; Ponchietti L.; Moletta L.; Curella L.; Poggi L.; Taglietti L.; Bonavina L.; Conti L.; Goffredi L.; Ruiz L.A.G.; Barrionuevo L.; Fregoso L.E.; Cabrera L.F.; Rodriguez L.G.; Grande L.; Osoria L.G.; Gonzalez L.J.K.; Sanchez-Guillen L.; Tallon-Aguilar L.; Tresierra L.; Giavarini L.; Hasabelnabi M.; Odovic M.; Uemura M.; Khan M.; Artiles-Armas M.; David M.; Di Martino M.; Spampinato M.G.; Ribeiro M.A.F.; Viola M.; Angrisani M.; Calussi M.; Cannistra M.; Catarci M.; Cereda M.; Conte M.; Giordano M.; Pellicciaro M.; Marino M.V.; Vaterlini M.E.; Jimenez M.F.; Lolli M.G.; Bellini M.I.; Lemma M.; Chiarello M.M.; Nicola M.; Arrigo M.; Mejia M.C.; Manrique M.M.; Rodriguez-Lopez M.; Serradilla-Martin M.; Lara M.Z.; Martinez M.; Bagnall M.; Peter M.; Lara M.C.; Gomez M.J.; Paniagua-Garcia-Senorans M.; Gonzalez M.P.; Rutegard M.; Salo M.; Franceschilli M.; Silveri M.; Veroux M.; Pezzulo M.; Nardi M.; Rottoli M.; Tolonen M.; Ciro M.P.; Zuluagua M.; Cannavo M.; Cervellera M.; Iacobone M.; Montuori M.; Podda M.; Dominguez M.G.; Bingol-Kologlu M.; Tahir M.; Lim M.; Wilson M.S.; Wilson M.; Campanelli M.; Bisaccia M.; De Rosa M.; Maruccia M.; Paterno M.; Pisano M.; Torre M.; Trevino M.; Zuolo M.; Hernandez Bartolome M.A.; Farina M.; Pera M.; Calvo M.P.; Sotelo M.; Thway M.M.; Hassan M.; Hassan M.S.E.; Azfar M.; Bouhuwaish M.; Taha M.; Zaieem M.; Korkoman M.; Guraieb M.; Shalaby M.; Raza M.A.; Younis M.U.; Elhadi M.; Ali M.Z.; Quazi N.; Dudi-Venkata N.N.; Alselaim N.; Loria N.; Ramirez N.V.; Than N.W.; Smart N.; Trelles N.; Pinto N.; Allievi N.; Petrucciani N.; Antonacci N.; Cillara N.; Gica N.; Cristiana N.D.; Krystek N.; Falco N.; Pecorelli N.; Tamini N.; Dallas N.A.; Machairas N.; Brito N.; Fieturi N.A.; Ortega N.; Mercado O.A.; Irkorucu O.; Alsherif O.; Valles O.; Ioannidis O.; Palmas O.H.; Palmas O.I.H.; Guadarrama O.S.; Bozbiyik O.; Omelanczuk P.; Ottolino P.; Rodrigues P.; Ruiz P.; Campenni P.; Chiarade P.; Olivares P.P.; Baroffio P.; Panaccio P.; Wintringer P.; Di Fronzo P.; Talento P.; Favoriti P.; Sendino P.; Marsanic P.; Mifsut P.; Andrade P.; Ajawin P.; Abadia-Barno P.; Castaneda P.A.N.; Arevalos P.O.S.; Bellver P.P.; Koh P.S.; Souza P.; Major P.; Bali R.S.; Khattar R.M.; Melo R.B.; Ebrahiminia R.; Azar R.; Murga R.L.; Caruso R.; Pirolo R.; Brady R.; Davies R.J.; Dholakia R.; Rattan R.; Singhal R.; Lim R.; Angelico R.; Isernia R.M.; Tutino R.; Faccincani R.; Peltrini R.; Carrera-Ceron R.; Tejos R.; Kashyap R.; Fajardo R.; Lozito R.; Pareja R.M.; Garbarino S.; Di Saverio S.; Morales-Conde S.; Benli S.; Mansour S.; Flores S.; Suarez S.L.; Ben S.L.; Fuentes S.; Napetti S.; de Guzman S.O.; Awad S.; Weckmann Lujan S.A.; Gentilli S.; Grimaldi S.; Pizarro S.O.; Tayar S.; Nabi S.; Chan S.M.; Junaid S.; Rojas S.; Monetti S.; Garcia S.; Salvans S.; Tenconi S.; Shaw S.; Santoni S.; Parra S.A.; Cardenas S.; Perez-Bertolez S.; Chiappetta S.; Dessureault S.; Delis S.; Bonapasta S.A.; Rausei S.; Scaringi S.; Keswani S.; Ali S.M.; Cetinkunar S.; Fung T.L.D.; Rawashdeh T.; Lopez T.N.; De Campos T.; Duque T.C.; Perra T.; Liakakos T.; Daskalakis T.; Liakakos T.; Barnes T.; Koeter T.; Zalla T.; Gonzalez T.E.; Elosua T.; Campagnaro T.; Brown T.; Luoto T.; Oumar T.A.; Giustizieri U.; Grossi U.; Bracale U.; Rivas U.; Sosa V.; Testa V.; Andriola V.; Tonini V.; Balassone V.; Celentano V.; Progno V.; Raju V.; Carroni V.; Cavallaro V.; Katta V.R.; De Simone V.; Romaguera V.P.; Orozco V.H.G.; Luraschi V.; Rachkov V.; Turrado-L V.; Visag-Castillo V.; Dowling V.; Graham V.; Papagni V.; Vigorita V.; Fonseca V.C.; Carneros V.J.; Bellato V.; Goncalves W.; Powers W.F.; Grigg W.; Bechstein W.O.; Lim Y.B.; Altinel Y.; Golubovic Z.; Balciscueta Z.Ielpo, B.; Podda, M.; Pellino, G.; Pata, F.; Caruso, R.; Gravante, G.; Di Saverio, S.; Ielpo, B.; Podda, M.; Pellino, G.; Pata, F.; Caruso, R.; Gravante, G.; Di Saverio, S.; Gallo, G.; Lui, R.; Orengia, A.; Chowdary, A.; Kulkarni, A.; Kuvvetli, A.; Navarro, A.; Pisanu, A.; Smith, A.; Ibiricu, A. C.; Nacion, A. J. D.; Alsaleh, A.; Alhazmi, A.; Elmabri, A.; Wani, A.; Rencuzogullari, A.; Lasarte, A. S.; Rubio, A. V.; Bavikatte, A.; Kumar, A.; Jamiri, A. -R.; Padilla, A. M. A.; Cacurri, A.; de San Ildefonso, A.; Porcu, A.; Sartori, A.; Rocca, A.; Yanez, A. P.; Becaria, A.; Solis-Pena, A.; Sretenovic, A.; Urbistondo, A.; Bandin, A.; Najar, A.; De Luca, A.; Boddy, A.; Charalabopoulos, A.; Tzivanakis, A.; Amendola, A.; de Velasco, A. R. -G.; Yildirim, A. C.; Frontali, A.; Toure, A. O.; Garcia-Granero, A.; Roldan, A. M.; Larrainzar, A. S.; Ratnayake, A. S.; Gonzalez-Ganso, A. M.; Minaya-Bravo, A. M.; Das, A.; Bondurri, A.; Costanzi, A.; Lucchi, A.; Mazzari, A.; Musig, A.; Peloso, A.; Piano, A.; Police, A.; Mihailescu, A.; Pouy, A.; Romano, A.; Iossa, A.; Leonetti, A. C.; Guariniello, A.; Isaac, A.; Bovi, A. P. D.; Chessa, A.; Tromba, A.; Martinez, A. A.; Brillantino, A.; Caira, A.; Castaldi, A.; Ferronetti, A.; Giuliani, A.; Prestera, A.; la Medina, A. R. -D.; Tarasconi, A.; Tornambe, A.; Picciariello, A.; Ioannidis, A.; Leppaniemi, A.; Khan, A.; Rashid, A.; Perez-Sanchez, A. L. E.; Mittal, A.; Mitul, A. R.; Mehraj, A.; Laharwal, A.; Dorisme, A.; Marinis, A.; Iqbal, A.; Moncada, A.; Braccio, B.; Alkhafaji, B.; de Andres Asenjo, B.; Martin-Perez, B.; Perez, B. S.; Creavin, B.; Cali, B.; Cali, B.; Pascotto, B.; Stubbs, B.; Retes, B. Z.; Jovanovic, B.; Goh, B. K. P.; Sensi, B.; Biddau, C.; Gazia, C.; Vallicelli, C.; Fagundes, C. A.; Santacruz, C. C.; Chirico, C.; Diaz, C. J. G.; Petrola, C.; Rodriguez, C. S.; Benitez, C. Y.; Dammaro, C.; Faro, C. L.; Reinke, C.; Paez, C. D.; Oliva, C.; Paranjape, C.; Thomas, C.; Chia, C. F.; Kong, C. K.; De Lucia, C.; Chao, C. O.; Arcudi, C.; Guerci, C.; Chia, C.; Parise, C.; Folliero, C.; Varela, C.; Ferguson, D. M.; Camacho, D.; Popowich, D.; Lima, D. S.; Rega, D.; Delogu, D.; Zigiotto, D.; Vinci, D.; D'Antonio, D.; Parini, D.; Merlini, D. A.; Zimmerman, D. D. E.; Moro-Valdezate, D.; Pertile, D.; Giusti, D. M.; Keller, D. S.; Tarik, D.; Kalivaci, D.; Mazingi, D.; Maldonado-Pintado, D. G.; Sasia, D.; Linardoutsos, D.; Osilli, D.; Murrone, D.; Russello, D.; Rodas, E.; Roa, E. A. A.; Ricciardi, E.; Rosso, E.; Saladino, E.; Flores-Villalba, E.; Ajs, E. R.; Smith-Singares, E.; Baili, E.; Kouroumpas, E.; Bourmpouteli, E.; Douka, E.; Martin-Perez, E.; Guaitoli, E.; Samadov, E.; Francone, E.; Vaterlini, E.; Morales, E.; Pena, E.; Zhao, E.; Andres, E. D. P.; Benzoni, E.; Erdas, E.; Pinotti, E.; Colas-Ruiz, E.; Aytac, E.; Laterza, E.; Agastra, E.; Foianini, E.; Moscoso, E.; Laviano, E.; Marra, E.; Cardamone, E.; Licardie, E.; Mpaili, E.; Pinna, E.; Varo, E.; Navarro, F. M.; Marino, F.; Medas, F.; Romano, F.; Maraska, F.; Saliu, F.; Madrid, F.; Rosa, F.; Mastella, F.; Gheza, F.; Luvisetto, F.; Alconchel, F.; Vieira, F. M.; Pareja, F.; Agresta, F.; Luna, F.; Bonilla, F.; Cordera, F.; Burdio, F.; Mendoza-Moreno, F.; Flores, F. M.; Aranda, F. P.; Taylor, F.; Ramos, F. L.; Fernandes, F.; Tropeano, F. P.; Balestra, F.; Bianco, F.; Ceci, F.; Colombo, F.; Di Marzo, F.; Ferrara, F.; Lancellotti, F.; Lazzarin, F.; Litta, F.; Martini, F.; Pizza, F.; Roscio, F.; Virdis, F.; Antona, F. B.; Ramirez, F. C.; Fernandez, F. M.; Llinares, F. O.; Quezada, F.; Schlottmann, F.; Quezada, F.; Herrera-Almario, G.; Massaferro, G.; Bislenghi, G.; van Ramshorst, G.; Gallo, G.; Luglio, G.; Bointas, G.; Kampouroglou, G.; Papadopoulos, G.; Manrique, G. A.; Calini, G.; Nastri, G.; Formisano, G.; Galiffa, G.; Palini, G. M.; Colucci, G.; Pagano, G.; Pellino, G.; Vanni, G.; Pattacini, G. C.; Gravante, G.; De Paola, G.; Lisi, G.; Partida, G.; Bellanova, G.; De Nobili, G.; Necchi, G. S.; Sinibaldi, G.; Tebala, G.; Bagaglini, G.; Izzo, G.; Argenio, G.; Brisinda, G.; Candilio, G.; Di Grezia, G.; Esposito, G.; Faillace, G.; Frazzetta, G.; La Gumina, G.; Nigri, G.; Romeo, G.; Amatriain, G. C.; Ortega, G.; Martin-Martin, G.; Stavrou, G. A.; Gunadi, ; Ugon, G. A.; Machain, G.; Marcucci, G.; Martinez-Mier, G.; Machain, G. M.; Nari, G.; Calvo, H.; Fathy, H.; Hamilto, ; Ahmed, H.; Faraj, H.; Nava, H.; Macias, H. O.; Nikaj, H.; Solano, H.; Khan, H. A.; Alarcon, H. S.; Ebied, H.; Giani, I.; Ateca, I. V.; Neri, I.; Roman, I. A. S.; Fidoshev, I.; Rodriguez, I. M.; Negoi, I.; Ortega, I.; Bernescu, I.; Russo, I. S.; Rodriguez, I. V.; Palomares, I.; Baltazar, I.; Torrejimeno, I. J.; Jurado, I. M. C.; Reccia, I.; Hussain, I.; Toledo, I. B.; Mora-Guzman, I.; Dogaru, I.; Romic, I.; Balciscueta, I.; Kenington, J. C.; Sagolsem, J.; Jang, J. Y.; Olivier, J.; Lammel-Lindemann, J.; Dziakova, J.; Villavicencio, J. I. R.; Salinas, J.; Parreira, J. P. J. G.; Jovanovic, ; Perez, J. R.; Reyes, J. A. S.; Luque, J. A. M.; Mak, J.; Rodriguez, J. S.; Kok, J. H. H.; Krook, J.; Diaz-Elizondo, J. A.; Castell, J.; Garcia-Flores, J. E.; Navalon, J. M. J.; Rodrigues, J. M. S.; Pereira, J.; Gomez, J. T. C.; Luque, J. B.; del Olmo, J. C. M.; Salamea, J. C.; Olivier, J. F. C.; Laina, J. L. B.; Ordonez, J. M.; Gutierrez, J.; Abba, J.; Sofi, J. A.; Sherafgan, K.; Sahnan, K.; Yanaga, K.; Beatson, K.; Asim, L.; Alvarez, L.; Siragusa, L.; Farber, L.; Ong, L.; Athanasios, L.; Garcia-Bruna, L.; De Martino, L.; Ferrario, L.; Giordano, L.; Gordini, L.; Pio, L.; Ponchietti, L.; Moletta, L.; Curella, L.; Poggi, L.; Taglietti, L.; Bonavina, L.; Conti, L.; Goffredi, L.; Ruiz, L. A. G.; Barrionuevo, L.; Fregoso, L. E.; Cabrera, L. F.; Rodriguez, L. G.; Grande, L.; Osoria, L. G.; Gonzalez, L. J. K.; Sanchez-Guillen, L.; Tallon-Aguilar, L.; Tresierra, L.; Giavarini, L.; Hasabelnabi, M.; Odovic, M.; Uemura, M.; Khan, M.; Artiles-Armas, M.; David, M.; Di Martino, M.; Spampinato, M. G.; Ribeiro, M. A. F.; Viola, M.; Angrisani, M.; Calussi, M.; Cannistra, M.; Catarci, M.; Cereda, M.; Conte, M.; Giordano, M.; Pellicciaro, M.; Marino, M. V.; Vaterlini, M. E.; Jimenez, M. F.; Lolli, M. G.; Bellini, M. I.; Lemma, M.; Chiarello, M. M.; Nicola, M.; Arrigo, M.; Mejia, M. C.; Manrique, M. M.; Rodriguez-Lopez, M.; Serradilla-Martin, M.; Lara, M. Z.; Martinez, M.; Bagnall, M.; Peter, M.; Lara, M. C.; Gomez, M. J.; Paniagua-Garcia-Senorans, M.; Gonzalez, M. P.; Rutegard, M.; Salo, M.; Franceschilli, M.; Silveri, M.; Veroux, M.; Pezzulo, M.; Nardi, M.; Rottoli, M.; Tolonen, M.; Ciro, M. P.; Zuluagua, M.; Cannavo, M.; Cervellera, M.; Iacobone, M.; Montuori, M.; Podda, M.; Dominguez, M. G.; Bingol-Kologlu, M.; Tahir, M.; Lim, M.; Wilson, M. S.; Wilson, M.; Campanelli, M.; Bisaccia, M.; De Rosa, M.; Maruccia, M.; Paterno, M.; Pisano, M.; Torre, M.; Trevino, M.; Zuolo, M.; Hernandez Bartolome, M. A.; Farina, M.; Pera, M.; Calvo, M. P.; Sotelo, M.; Thway, M. M.; Hassan, M.; Hassan, M. S. E.; Azfar, M.; Bouhuwaish, M.; Taha, M.; Zaieem, M.; Korkoman, M.; Guraieb, M.; Shalaby, M.; Raza, M. A.; Younis, M. U.; Elhadi, M.; Ali, M. Z.; Quazi, N.; Dudi-Venkata, N. N.; Alselaim, N.; Loria, N.; Ramirez, N. V.; Than, N. W.; Smart, N.; Trelles, N.; Pinto, N.; Allievi, N.; Petrucciani, N.; Antonacci, N.; Cillara, N.; Gica, N.; Cristiana, N. D.; Krystek, N.; Falco, N.; Pecorelli, N.; Tamini, N.; Dallas, N. A.; Machairas, N.; Brito, N.; Fieturi, N. A.; Ortega, N.; Mercado, O. A.; Irkorucu, O.; Alsherif, O.; Valles, O.; Ioannidis, O.; Palmas, O. H.; Palmas, O. I. H.; Guadarrama, O. S.; Bozbiyik, O.; Omelanczuk, P.; Ottolino, P.; Rodrigues, P.; Ruiz, P.; Campenni, P.; Chiarade, P.; Olivares, P. P.; Baroffio, P.; Panaccio, P.; Wintringer, P.; Di Fronzo, P.; Talento, P.; Favoriti, P.; Sendino, P.; Marsanic, P.; Mifsut, P.; Andrade, P.; Ajawin, P.; Abadia-Barno, P.; Castaneda, P. A. N.; Arevalos, P. O. S.; Bellver, P. P.; Koh, P. S.; Souza, P.; Major, P.; Bali, R. S.; Khattar, R. M.; Melo, R. B.; Ebrahiminia, R.; Azar, R.; Murga, R. L.; Caruso, R.; Pirolo, R.; Brady, R.; Davies, R. J.; Dholakia, R.; Rattan, R.; Singhal, R.; Lim, R.; Angelico, R.; Isernia, R. M.; Tutino, R.; Faccincani, R.; Peltrini, R.; Carrera-Ceron, R.; Tejos, R.; Kashyap, R.; Fajardo, R.; Lozito, R.; Pareja, R. M.; Garbarino, S.; Di Saverio, S.; Morales-Conde, S.; Benli, S.; Mansour, S.; Flores, S.; Suarez, S. L.; Ben, S. L.; Fuentes, S.; Napetti, S.; de Guzman, S. O.; Awad, S.; Weckmann Lujan, S. A.; Gentilli, S.; Grimaldi, S.; Pizarro, S. O.; Tayar, S.; Nabi, S.; Chan, S. M.; Junaid, S.; Rojas, S.; Monetti, S.; Garcia, S.; Salvans, S.; Tenconi, S.; Shaw, S.; Santoni, S.; Parra, S. A.; Cardenas, S.; Perez-Bertolez, S.; Chiappetta, S.; Dessureault, S.; Delis, S.; Bonapasta, S. A.; Rausei, S.; Scaringi, S.; Keswani, S.; Ali, S. M.; Cetinkunar, S.; Fung, T. L. D.; Rawashdeh, T.; Lopez, T. N.; De Campos, T.; Duque, T. C.; Perra, T.; Liakakos, T.; Daskalakis, T.; Liakakos, T.; Barnes, T.; Koeter, T.; Zalla, T.; Gonzalez, T. E.; Elosua, T.; Campagnaro, T.; Brown, T.; Luoto, T.; Oumar, T. A.; Giustizieri, U.; Grossi, U.; Bracale, U.; Rivas, U.; Sosa, V.; Testa, V.; Andriola, V.; Tonini, V.; Balassone, V.; Celentano, V.; Progno, V.; Raju, V.; Carroni, V.; Cavallaro, V.; Katta, V. R.; De Simone, V.; Romaguera, V. P.; Orozco, V. H. G.; Luraschi, V.; Rachkov, V.; Turrado-L, V.; Visag-Castillo, V.; Dowling, V.; Graham, V.; Papagni, V.; Vigorita, V.; Fonseca, V. C.; Carneros, V. J.; Bellato, V.; Goncalves, W.; Powers, W. F.; Grigg, W.; Bechstein, W. O.; Lim, Y. B.; Altinel, Y.; Golubovic, Z.; Balciscueta, Z

Inequalities in screening policies and perioperative protection for patients with acute appendicitis during the pandemic: Subanalysis of the ACIE Appy study

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